什么是Laravel？详细了解这个流行的PHP框架

Laravel is an open-source PHP framework based on MVC architecture that helps build web applications quickly and efficiently. This article explains what Laravel is, its development history, pros and cons, standout features, installation guide, and comparisons with other frameworks.

Overview of Laravel

Laravel is one of the most popular PHP frameworks today. To better understand Laravel, we will explore its definition, the concept of frameworks in general, PHP frameworks, and the MVC model that Laravel uses.

What is Laravel?

Laravel is a free, open-source PHP framework first released in 2011 by Taylor Otwell. This framework is designed to help developers build efficient web applications through the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture.

Laravel stands out with its elegant syntax, ease of use, and diverse feature set, simplifying common web development tasks — similar to CodeIgniter, Yii, and Ruby on Rails. It leverages modern PHP features, including Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), delivering readable syntax and high maintainability, making code writing easier and future scaling more convenient.

If you are already familiar with Core PHP and advanced PHP, Laravel will make your development work faster and more efficient, saving time — especially when building a website from scratch. Additionally, Laravel provides robust security measures to protect web applications from common cyber attacks.

What is a Framework?

A framework is a library containing pre-built resources designed for specific domains, allowing developers to use them directly instead of building everything from scratch. With a framework, developers only need to learn and leverage existing resources, then combine them to complete a product. Each developer in their respective field needs to build program layers to develop complete software or applications.

What is a PHP Framework?

A PHP framework is a library that makes developing web applications with PHP easier and faster. It provides a basic structure for building applications, thereby accelerating the development process. In other words, a PHP framework saves time, enhances application stability, and reduces the need to rewrite code, delivering efficiency for developers.

What is the MVC Model?

The MVC (Model-View-Controller) model is a software architecture designed for creating user interfaces. This model divides the system into three interconnected components while separating business logic from the user interface.

Specifically, the three components of the MVC model include:

• Controller: Responsible for receiving and routing user requests, then calling methods to process them.
• Model: Contains all business logic, processing methods, database queries, and data objects such as Classes, processing functions, etc.
• View: Handles displaying information and interacting with users, containing all user interface objects such as textboxes, images, etc.

With the MVC model, data processing and user interface are clearly separated, protecting the professional principles of developers and optimizing the application development process.

History and Development of Laravel

Laravel, a PHP web application development framework, was researched and developed by Taylor Otwell. Below are some important milestones in Laravel's development history:

• First version — Laravel 1 (2011): Laravel debuted in June 2011, offering a PHP web application development solution with simple syntax and powerful features.
• Laravel 2 and 3: Subsequent versions (Laravel 2 and 3) continued to improve and expand features, enhance performance, and bring tool improvements.
• Impressive release — Laravel 4 (2013): Laravel 4 was released in May 2013, with significant improvements including the Composer package management system, Eloquent ORM, and a powerful routing system.
• Innovation — Laravel 5 (2015): In February 2015, Laravel 5 launched with notable improvements in performance, optimization, and new features such as the routing system, Middleware, and Elixir.
• Laravel 6, 7, 8, and 9: Subsequent versions continued to bring improvements in speed, security, features, and user experience.

Laravel quickly became one of the most popular PHP frameworks, loved and trusted by the developer community. Thanks to strong community-driven development, Laravel has become the top choice for PHP web application development.

Pros and Cons of the Laravel Framework

Like any technology, Laravel has its own strengths and weaknesses. Below are the advantages that make Laravel popular, as well as the disadvantages that developers should be aware of when using this framework.

Advantages of Laravel

• Access to the latest PHP features: When using versions 5.0 and above, Laravel allows you to access all the latest PHP features, including Namespaces, Interfaces, Overloading, anonymous functions, and short array syntax.
• Diverse and readily available resources: Laravel provides rich resources with documentation for all released versions, making it easy for you to reference and apply to your applications.
• Email compatibility: Laravel integrates with the SwiftMailer library API, allowing you to send emails through cloud platform services or local mail systems easily.
• Fast processing speed: Laravel supports developing both small websites and large projects in a short time. Therefore, small and medium-sized companies often choose Laravel to save costs and achieve high efficiency.
• Easy to use: With a clear and logical feature system and detailed documentation, even new developers can use Laravel with ease.
• High security: Laravel provides robust security features, allowing you to focus on application development. Notable security features include using PDO to prevent SQL Injection, hidden token fields to protect against CSRF attacks, and hiding default variables in views to prevent XSS attacks.

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Disadvantages of Laravel

• No built-in payment features: Laravel does not provide direct payment features, so if you need to integrate payment methods, you must comply with PCI rules. New developers can try building e-commerce applications from existing templates or use the framework's libraries to integrate payment methods. However, most experienced developers or e-commerce merchants prefer integrating third-party payment processors for convenience.
• Lack of connectivity between versions: Laravel lacks smooth transitions between versions. Updating source code may cause applications to break or not function as expected.
• Not suitable for amateur developers: Some components in Laravel have suboptimal designs, such as dependency injection, which can sometimes cause difficulties. New developers will need to spend considerable time learning and reading documentation before they can develop applications effectively.
• Lack of mobile application support features: Loading an entire website can overburden mobile applications, especially compared to websites. In such cases, developers often choose frameworks that support backend JSON APIs to optimize performance.

Standout Features of Laravel

To better understand Laravel, you need to explore its special features. PHP is a popular server-side programming language used by many software companies. Developers always want to create websites and web applications full of innovative features. However, this ambition can cost them significant time during the software development process. It is Laravel's structure that is the key factor helping them simplify their work and save time.

Authorization and Program Logic Technique

Authentication is the most important element in any web application, and developers spend considerable time developing authentication code. In the Laravel system, its task is to manage authorization logic and control access to resources. Laravel's latest design features include validation code, helping optimize this process.

With Laravel, you save time when creating code because the system provides built-in tools for implementing application logic. Application logic in Laravel is implemented through controllers, making routing easy with clear syntax. The framework provides flexible features to help you build everything for your website efficiently.

Blade Templating Engine

The Blade Templating Engine is one of Laravel's most outstanding features. This feature is especially useful for developers working with PHP or HTML. Blade allows you to write PHP code directly in layout templates, saving time and reducing redundant operations. Thanks to Blade, the application development process becomes faster and more efficient.

Laracasts

Laracasts is an essential learning tool in Laravel. It is a combination of free and paid tutorial videos that help you understand how Laravel works. Jeffery, a Laravel expert, directly creates the videos related to Laracasts.

He provides detailed, clear, and accurate lessons on how to use Laracasts through high-quality lectures. Beginner developers can leverage Laracasts to learn how to use all of Laravel's features effectively.

Multiple File Type Support

Laravel provides flexible storage support, allowing you to easily manage and store documents through an internal network system. Additionally, Laravel integrates cloud storage options, helping you connect to and manage cloud data repositories efficiently, providing convenience and optimal scalability for your application.

Security

Laravel ensures the safety of web applications through robust security measures. User passwords are processed by hashing with the Bcrypt algorithm instead of storing them as plain text, optimally protecting user information.

SQL statements in Laravel are designed to prevent SQL injection attacks. Additionally, Laravel provides simple methods for processing and sanitizing user input data, helping prevent attacks through malicious code such as <script> tags.

Artisan

Artisan is an important tool in Laravel that allows you to interact with the framework through command lines to create and manage tasks in the web development environment. It not only helps automate repetitive tasks but also reduces the tedium of handling routine tasks, delivering high efficiency in the application development process.

Migration System Databases

The Migration feature allows you to easily change the data structure of your software when modifying a website without having to rewrite code. Instead of using SQL, Laravel lets you make automatic changes through PHP code. This makes database management simpler and more efficient.

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Laravel Schema provides tools to build database tables, add columns or indexes, while enabling databases to interact with each other smoothly. Simply put, Laravel Schema acts as a control tool, helping you manage and modify databases easily and flexibly.

Authentication

Laravel provides built-in solutions for authentication and authorization. With just a few Artisan commands, you can set up secure authentication for your web application. User authentication is as simple as adding authentication middleware to Laravel routes. Once a user is authenticated, you can easily access user information through the Auth Facade.

Additionally, Laravel allows you to customize the authentication process, including setting up custom authentication middleware.

Authorization

Laravel's model policies help you check whether an authenticated user is authorized to perform a specific action. After defining authorization rules in policies, you can easily apply authorization to your controller methods.

Eloquent ORM

Laravel's Eloquent ORM helps you interact with data easily. With the Eloquent model, you can quickly create models, migrate data, and establish relationships between database tables. Each database table in Laravel has a corresponding model, making it easy to work with that table.

In addition to retrieving records, the Eloquent model also supports inserting, updating, and deleting records in the database efficiently.

Job Queues

Laravel provides a Job Queue service that helps handle tasks such as sending emails to a large number of users or Cron jobs efficiently. These queues allow you to perform multiple tasks in parallel without waiting for the previous task to complete.

Testing

Laravel is designed to optimally support testing. From unit tests to browser tests, developers will feel more confident when deploying and testing their applications.

Events and WebSockets

Laravel provides an events feature that allows you to send and listen for events in your application. Listeners can easily be assigned to a background queue for processing. Additionally, front-end applications can subscribe to Laravel events through Laravel Echo and WebSockets, helping you build real-time web applications.

Why Should You Choose Laravel?

When choosing Laravel, you will enjoy the following benefits:

• Access to the latest features: Laravel always provides all the latest advanced features such as Namespaces, Interfaces, Overloading, Shorter Array Syntax, and anonymous functions, helping you optimize the development process.
• Rich resources: Laravel provides a rich documentation library, making it easy for you to look up and understand the features of each version. You won't have to worry about lacking official documentation.
• Integrated email service: With the clean API from the SwiftMailer library, Laravel supports sending emails through cloud platforms or local systems, making it easy to integrate this feature into your application.
• Superior processing speed: Laravel allows you to create and deploy websites quickly, saving development time.
• Easy-to-use 3-layer MVC design model: Laravel helps you manipulate and manage features easily thanks to the simple MVC (Model-View-Controller) model.
• Automatic security: Laravel comes with built-in powerful security features, protecting your application from threats.
• Backend cache support: Laravel supports cache systems like Memcached and Redis right out of the box, helping optimize performance.
• Artisan command-line tool: Laravel provides the powerful Artisan command-line tool, helping you perform many tasks quickly and easily.
• Tight route binding: Laravel allows you to name routes, making system management and maintenance easier.
• Reduced development cycles: Laravel integrates powerful features and has support from Laracasts, helping reduce workload and accelerate product development.

Guide to Installing and Using Laravel

To get started with Laravel, installing and setting up the development environment is the crucial first step.

System Requirements for Installing Laravel

Before installing Laravel, your computer must meet the following configuration requirements:

• PHP >= 5.5.9
• PDO PHP Extension
• OpenSSL PHP Extension
• Tokenizer PHP Extension
• Mbstring PHP Extension

If you are using the Windows operating system, you can install web server software such as Wamp, Openserver, Ampps, Xampp, etc.

How to Install Laravel

Installing via Installer The Installer is a Laravel tool that makes installation simple and quick. You only need a single command to install Laravel on your computer. To do this, open Terminal (Git Bash or CMD) and enter the following command:

composer global require "laravel/installer"

Next, you need to add the path to the Composer executable to the Windows Environment Variables Path. For Windows, the path will be:

%appdata%\Composer\vendor\bin If you are using Linux or macOS, the path will be:

~/.composer/vendor/bin

After installation, navigate to the htdocs folder in XAMPP, open a command window (on Windows, hold Shift and right-click, then select Git Bash Here or Command Window Here), and type the command:

laravel new blog

Blog is the name of the Laravel project folder you want to create.

Installing via Composer

In addition to installing Laravel via the Installer, you can also use Composer. First, navigate to the htdocs folder in XAMPP. Then, open a command window and enter the following command:

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog

Blog is the name of the folder you want to create for the Laravel project. After completion, you have successfully installed Laravel using Composer.

Guide to Using the Laravel Framework

After installing Laravel, open your WebServer and navigate to the Public folder (located within the Laravel project folder). There, type the command:

php artisan serve

After running the command, the console will display the message: "Laravel development server started on http://localhost:8000/".

Now, you can open your browser and navigate to:

http://localhost:8000 And you can start using Laravel on your machine.

What is Laradock?

Laradock is a Docker-based PHP development environment. With the philosophy of "use Docker first and learn about it later," Laradock includes pre-configured Docker images that make it easy to integrate Docker into PHP projects. Key features of Laradock include:

• Easy switching between PHP versions (7.0, 5.6, 5.5, etc.)
• PHP-FPM and HHVM support
• Pre-configured Nginx settings specifically for the Laravel framework
• Diverse database engines such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, MongoDB, Neo4j, RethinkDB
• Cache Engines: Redis, Memcached, Aerospike
• Servers: NGINX, Apache2, Caddy
• Message Queueing systems such as Beanstalkd, RabbitMQ
• Support tools including Composer, Git, Node, Gulp, xDebug, PhpMyAdmin, PgAdmin, ElasticSearch, Selenium, Envoy, Vim, etc.

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Laradock helps you develop PHP applications quickly and easily with a pre-configured Docker environment.

Applications of Laradock with Laravel

Laradock brings many useful applications when combined with Laravel, including:

• Providing an ideal PHP development environment.
• Supporting PHP frameworks, especially Laravel.
• Allowing easy switching between PHP versions.
• Supporting many popular database engines.
• Providing cache engine solutions such as Redis, Memcached, Aerospike.
• Integrating many useful tools such as Composer, Node, Gulp, PhpMyAdmin, ElasticSearch, Vim, etc.
• Suppose you have a folder structure like this:

my-project.test/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── Dockerfile
├── nginx/
│   └── default.conf
└── src/
    └── (Contains the entire Laravel source code)

After creating the folder structure, open this folder in your code editor. Next, open the docker-compose.yml file and add the following lines:

version '3' networks: laravel: services: # Containers required for the project Network: You can create a separate network for Laravel, but this is not mandatory.

Service: Define the necessary containers such as Nginx, MySQL, PHP for the project. Add the following lines to the end of the docker-compose.yml file:

nginx: image: nginx container_name: nginx ports: - "8080:80" volumes: - ./src:/var/www - ./nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf depends_on: - php - mysql networks: - laravel

The command above instructs Docker to create a container named nginx using the nginx image and configure port mapping from 8080 (host) to 80 (container).

Volume(s): A way to map data and share between host and container. For example: ./src:/var/www means the ./src directory on the host corresponds to the /var/www directory in the container. Data in this directory is shared between host and container, and when you delete the container, the data remains in the ./src directory.

depends_on: Defines dependencies between containers. In this case, the nginx container will only operate when the php and mysql containers have been started first.

Differences Between Laravel and Other Web Frameworks

In the web development field, Laravel faces many strong competitors. Below is a detailed comparison table between Laravel, Node.js, and Ruby on Rails to help you choose the right framework for your web project:

Frequently Asked Questions About Laravel

How is Laravel different from PHP? Can you learn Laravel without learning PHP?

Laravel is a framework built on the PHP platform, so to learn and use Laravel effectively, you need to have a solid understanding of PHP. Without a clear understanding of PHP, you will face difficulties in creating additional features and will be entirely dependent on the built-in features of Laravel. To fully leverage Laravel's capabilities, you need to understand the basic concepts of PHP and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

What is Laravel? Is Laravel a programming language?

Laravel is NOT a programming language.

Laravel is a framework built using the PHP programming language. PHP is an open-source language that runs on the server, responsible for processing and analyzing website data. However, PHP alone cannot create a complete web application. To create the user interface, you also need to use client-side languages like JavaScript, HTML, and CSS combined with PHP.

Is Laravel a CMS?

CMS (Content Management System) is an application that provides basic functionalities and is built on a framework. Laravel, while being a framework, is not a CMS. Laravel is used to develop web applications, including CMS platforms, but unlike CMSs like Drupal or WordPress, Laravel gives you complete control over the application.

In Laravel, all features are implemented through code, which differs from CMSs like Drupal or Joomla, where you can build functional websites without writing code, or even without understanding PHP.

{{< test-result title="Comparing Laravel with other frameworks" headers="Criteria|Laravel (PHP)|Node.js|Ruby on Rails" rows="Architecture|Traditional MVC|Asynchronous, event-driven|Convention over Configuration;Performance|High for simple web|Strong in I/O and real-time|Comparable to Laravel;Community|Large, rich resources|Very large and dynamic|Large and active;Application|Back-end web|Both back-end and front-end|Both back-end and front-end" />}}

Conclusion: Laravel is the most powerful and flexible PHP framework available today. With clear MVC architecture, built-in security systems, and the Artisan tool, Laravel helps developers build modern web applications quickly. From Eloquent ORM to Job Queues, every feature is designed to optimize the development process.